Runway Incursion is defined as a violation caused by which entities on the runway?

Runway Incursion is defined as a violation caused by which entities on the runway?

• A. A vehicle on the runway
• B. An aircraft, vehicle, or pedestrian on the runway
• C. A pedestrian on the runway
• D. An aircraft on the taxiway

Answer: (B)

Runway incursion happens when any aircraft, vehicle, or person is on the runway or its protected safety areas without authorization. That means the presence of an aircraft, a vehicle, or a pedestrian on the runway itself is the defining condition. The best option reflects this by including all three possibilities: aircraft, vehicle, or pedestrian on the runway. A vehicle on the runway fits because it’s an unauthorized presence on the runway surface. A pedestrian on the runway also fits for the same reason. An aircraft on the taxiway does not fit because it is on the taxiway, not the runway or its protected areas.

Runway incursion happens when any aircraft, vehicle, or person is on the runway or its protected safety areas without authorization. That means the presence of an aircraft, a vehicle, or a pedestrian on the runway itself is the defining condition. The best option reflects this by including all three possibilities: aircraft, vehicle, or pedestrian on the runway. A vehicle on the runway fits because it’s an unauthorized presence on the runway surface. A pedestrian on the runway also fits for the same reason. An aircraft on the taxiway does not fit because it is on the taxiway, not the runway or its protected areas.